Reacción granulomatosa a cuerpo extraño en punta y dorso nasal por materiales de relleno: presentación de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Granulomatous foreign body reaction in tip and nasal dorsum due to filling materials: presentation of a clinical case and review of the literature

RESUMEN Paciente de 29 años con antecedente de tres rinomodelaciones en la punta nasal con ácido hialurónico hace cinco años, evaluada por deseo de mejora estética nasal y obstrucción nasal. Al examen visual se observó una leve giba osteocartilaginosa, punta bulbosa, narinas simétricas, sin laterorrinea, no se palparon masas ni nodulaciones. Posterior al manejo de su rinitis y previo consentimiento informado, al realizar rinoseptoplastía abierta se encontró gran cantidad de tejido granulatorio tipo cuerpo extraño en la punta y dorso nasal lo que obligó a cambiar el plan quirúrgico. La biopsia diferida confirmó granuloma por cuerpo extraño por biopolímero derivado de la silicona. Evolucionó satisfactoriamente estética y funcionalmente. La rinomodelación ha aumentado en los últimos años, aunque no existen rellenos faciales aprobados por la FDA para uso nasal. La correcta utilización de los rellenos nasales continúa siendo un tema controvertido. Los granulomas nasales por cuerpo extraño son complicaciones tardías que se han incrementado con el uso de biopolímeros con dosis y técnicas inadecuadas. El uso de ecotomografía ha contribuido a mejorar la planificación quirúrgica, así como el estudio histológico diferido ha permitido identificar el material utilizado en la mayoría de los casos convirtiéndose en el estándar de oro.

ABSTRACT A 29-year-old patient with a history of three nasal fillings in the nasal tip with hyaluronic acid five years ago, reason for consultation improvement nasal aesthetics and nasal obstruction. Physical examination showed a slight osteocartilaginous hump, bulbous tip, symmetrical nostrils, no deviation nasal pyramid, no masses or nodules were palpated. After the management of his rhinitis and previous informed consent, when performing open rhinoseptoplasty, a large amount of foreign body type granulation tissue was found in the tip and nasal dorsum, which forced the surgical plan to change. The post-surgical biopsy showed foreign body granuloma by biopolymer derived from silicone. Evolved satisfactorily aesthetically and functionally. The use of nasal fillers has increased in recent years, although there are no facial fillers approved by the FDA for nasal use. The correct use of nasal fillers is a controversial issue. Nasal granulomas by foreign body are late complications that have increased with the use of biopolymers with inadequate doses and techniques. The use of ecotomography has contributed to improve the surgical planning; the deferred histological study has allowed to identify the material used in most cases becoming the gold standard

Pencil-core granuloma

Abstract: Pencil core granulomas are still infrequently reported in the literature. A 67-year-old woman presented with a 4mm hard blue subcutaneous nodule on the forehead. She remembered being injured with a pencil tip about 60 years before. The subcutaneous nodule was excised, which microscopically revealed a foreign body reaction with histiocytes containing fragmented coarse black particles. We diagnosed pencil-core granuloma based on the patient's history of pencil tip injury and histological examination findings.

Pulmonary foreign body granulomatosis in a chronic user of powder cocaine / Granulomatose pulmonar de corpo estranho em um usuário crônico de cocaína em pó

ABSTRACT We describe the case of a 33-year-old man, a chronic user of powder cocaine, who presented with dyspnea, fever, night sweats, and significant weight loss. Chest HRCT revealed centrilobular nodules, giving an initial impression of miliary tuberculosis. Therefore, he was started on an empirical, four-drug antituberculosis treatment regimen. Four weeks later, despite the tuberculosis treatment, he continued to have the same symptoms. We then performed transbronchial lung biopsy. Histopathological analysis of the biopsy sample revealed birefringent foreign body granuloma. A corroborative history of cocaine snorting, the presence of centrilobular nodules, and the foreign body-related histopathological findings led to a diagnosis of pulmonary foreign body granulomatosis. This report underscores the fact that pulmonary foreign body granulomatosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of clinical profiles resembling tuberculosis.

RESUMO Descrevemos o caso de um homem de 33 anos de idade, usuário crônico de cocaína em pó, que apresentava dispneia, febre, sudorese noturna e perda de peso significativa. A TCAR de tórax revelou nódulos centrolobulares, dando uma impressão inicial de tuberculose miliar. Por isso, o paciente passou a receber tratamento empírico com quatro tuberculostáticos. Quatro semanas depois, apesar do tratamento antituberculose, o paciente continuou a apresentar os mesmos sintomas. Foi então realizada a biópsia pulmonar transbrônquica. A análise histopatológica da amostra obtida revelou granuloma de corpo estranho birrefringente. A história de uso de cocaína por inalação, a presença de nódulos centrolobulares e os achados histopatológicos de corpos estranhos confirmaram o diagnóstico de granulomatose pulmonar de corpo estranho. Este relato destaca o fato de que a granulomatose pulmonar de corpo estranho deve ser incluída no diagnóstico diferencial de perfis clínicos que se assemelham a tuberculose.

Endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of foreign bodies of the colon and rectum / Ultrassonografia endoscópica no diagnóstico de corpos estranhos no cólon e no reto

SUMMARY Although the ingestion of foreign bodies is a common clinical problem, severe complications such as perforation are rare and occur in less than 1% of cases. Different types of foreign bodies and the various affected regions within the gastrointestinal tract make foreign body ingestion a complex entity, with a wide range of presentation requiring different diagnostic modalities. We report two cases of patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound for evaluation of sub-epithelial lesions consisting of foreign body granulomas in the colon and rectum. Colorectal foreign body granuloma is a rare complication after accidental ingestion. Endoscopic ultrasound can be a useful diagnostic tool and can avoid the need for more invasive procedures.

RESUMO Embora a ingestão de corpos estranhos seja uma condição clínica frequente, complicações graves como perfuração são raras e ocorrem em menos de 1% dos casos. Tipos diferentes de corpos estranhos e as diversas regiões afetadas do trato gastrointestinal fazem da ingestão de corpos estranhos uma entidade complexa, com uma variada gama de apresentações, demandando várias modalidades diagnósticas. Nós reportamos dois casos de pacientes que foram submetidos à ultrassonografia endoscópica para avaliação de lesões subepiteliais, consistindo em granulomas de corpo estranho no cólon e no reto. Granulomas de corpo estranho colorretais são uma complicação rara após ingestão acidental. Ultrassonografia endoscópica pode ser uma ferramenta diagnóstica útil e pode evitar procedimentos mais invasivos.

Suture granuloma after orchiectomy: sonography, doppler and elastography features

ABSTRACTSuture granuloma is a mass forming benign lesion that develops at the site of surgery as a foreign body reaction to non-absorbable suture material. We present a case of suture granuloma that developed at the inguinal region after orchiectomy, and define the sonography, color Doppler sonography and real-time ultrasound elastography findings in correlation with the histopathological findings.

Observation of initial clinical manifestations and repercussions from the treatment of 314 human injuries caused by black sea urchins (Echinometra lucunter) on the southeastern Brazilian coast / Observação das manifestações clínicas iniciais e sua influência no tratamento de 314 acidentes causados por ouriços-do-mar pretos (Echinometra lucunter) na região sudeste do Brasil

INTRODUCTION: Injuries caused by sea urchins are the most common caused by marine animals in humans in Brazil, with the black sea urchin (Echinometra lucunter) causing the most injuries to bathers. METHODS: This study observed 314 human wounds with emphasis on the early observation of clinical signs and symptoms and their implications on the recommended treatment. RESULTS: All the injuries were caused by black sea urchins and were observed in bathers. The lesions and the pain were associated with penetration of the spines; there was no early inflammation or pain without pressure on the wounded places. Complications arising from this kind on injury, including infections and foreign body granulomas, are associated with the permanence of the spines in the wounds. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed that this kind of injury is the most common accident caused by aquatic animals in Brazil. The main therapeutical recommendation is early removal of the spines to prevent late complications, such as infections and the formation of foreign body granulomas.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os acidentes causados por ouriços-do-mar são as ocorrências por animais marinhos mais comuns no país. O ouriço-do-mar preto (Echinometra lucunter) é a espécie que mais causa ferimentos em banhistas. MÉTODOS: Este trabalho registrou e estudou 314 agravos com ênfase nas manifestações clínicas iniciais observadas e suas implicações na terapêutica recomendada. RESULTADOS: Todos os acidentes foram causados pelo ouriço-do-mar preto e aconteceram em banhistas. As lesões e a dor foram associadas ao trauma causado pela penetração das espículas (não ocorreu inflamação ou dor imediata sem pressão sobre os pontos comprometidos). As complicações deste tipo de acidente, incluindo infecções e granulomas de corpo estranho, estão associadas com a permanência das espículas nos ferimentos. CONCLUSÕES: Foi confirmado o fato do acidente causado por esta espécie ser o mais comum no Brasil e apresentar caráter traumático, sendo a principal recomendação a retirada precoce dos espinhos para prevenção de complicações tardias como as infecções e formação de granulomas de corpo estranho.

Causes of hepatic granuloma: a 12-year single center experience from Southern Iran

Hepatic granuloma is reported in 2 - 15% of liver biopsy specimens. It is relatively easy for the pathologist to diagnose, but sometimes arriving at a specific etiology is quite difficult. Until now, there are few published studies about the etiology of hepatic granuloma in Iran. In this study, we attempt to determine the causes of hepatic granuloma from one of the largest referral centers in this country. In a retrospective study over 12 years, a hepatopathologist reviewed all liver biopsies with granuloma. The medical records, including clinical findings, autoantibodies, viral markers, imaging studies, drug histories, and all other specialized tests, such as molecular studies, were reviewed to reach a definite diagnosis. During 12 years, there were 72 cases diagnosed with liver granuloma. The most common cause of hepatic granuloma was infectious, with Mycobacterium tuberculosis [52.8%]. The second most common cause was visceral leishmaniasis in 8.3% of biopsies. Other less common causes were fungal infections, visceral larva migrans, primary biliary cirrhosis, and hepatitis C, each in 4.2% of cases. Autoimmune hepatitis was diagnosed in 2.8% of patients. Lymphoma, drug induced, disseminated BCGitis, CMV infection, foreign body reaction and sarcoidosis, were each found in 1.4% of the liver biopsies. After all investigations, there were 12.5% idiopathic hepatic granulomas. According to this study, the most common cause of hepatic granuloma in Iran is tuberculosis. This finding is completely different from western countries and very similar to the results of countries such as Saudi Arabia

Results from Over One Year of Follow-Up for Absorbable Mesh Insertion in Partial Mastectomy

PURPOSE: Recently, several clinicians have reported the advantages of simplicity and cosmetic satisfaction of absorbable mesh insertion. However, there is insufficient evidence regardint its long-term outcomes. We have investigated the surgical complications and postoperative examination from the oncologic viewpoint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 2008 to March 2009, 34 breast cancer patients underwent curative surgery with absorbable mesh insertion in Samsung Medical Center. Patient characteristics and follow up results including complications, clinical and radiological findings were retrospectively investigated. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 50.1+/-8.9 years old (range 31-82) with a mean tumor size of 3+/-1.8 cm (range 0.8-10.5), and the excised breast tissue showed a mean volume of 156.1+/-99.8 mL (range 27-550). Over the median follow-up period of 18+/-4.6 months (range 3-25), mesh associated complications, including severe pain or discomfort, edema, and recurrent fluid collection, occurred in nine patients (26.5%). In three cases (8.8%), recurrent mastitis resulted in mesh removal or surgical intervention. In the postoperative radiologic survey, the most common finding was fluid collection, which occurred in five patients (16.1%), including one case with organizing hematoma. Fat necrosis and microcalcifications were found in three patients (9.7%). CONCLUSION: Absorbable mesh insertion has been established as a technically feasible, time-saving procedure after breast excision. However, the follow-up results showed some noticeable side effects and the oncologic safety of the procedure is unconfirmed. Therefore, we suggest that mesh insertion should be considered only in select cases and should be followed-up carefully.

Insect wing tarsal foreign body causing conjunctival granuloma and marginal keratitis.

A 37 year old male was referred to our centre for management of episcleritis with peripheral keratitis in the right eye. He had a history of ocular discomfort in the right eye of 1 week duration. Slitlamp examination revealed marginal keratitis between 12'o clock to 2'o clock positions in the right eye. Lid eversion revealed an insect wing on the tarsal conjunctiva along with an adjacent conjunctival granuloma. The area of the marginal keratitis corresponded to the area of the foreign body and the conjunctival granuloma. The probable mechanism of the development of marginal keratitis and the conjunctiva granuloma is speculated in this case report.

Histological and radiographic evaluation of the muscle tissue of rats after implantation of bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP-2) in a scaffold of inorganic bone and after stimulation with low-power laser light.

Objective: The present study histologically and radiologically evaluates the muscle tissue of rats after implantation of bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP-2) in a natural inorganic bone mineral scaffold from a bull calf femur and irradiation with low-power light laser. Materials and Methods: The right and left hind limbs of 16 rats were shaved and an incision was made in the muscle on the face corresponding to the median portion of the tibia, into which rhBMP-2 in a scaffold of inorganic bone was implanted. Two groups of limbs were formed: control (G1) and laser irradiation (G2). G2 received diode laser light applied in the direction of the implant, at a dose of 8 J/cm2 for three minutes. On the 7th, 21st, 40th and 112th days after implantation, hind limbs of 4 animals were radiographed and their implants removed together with the surrounding tissue for study under the microscope. The histological results were graded as 0=absence, 1=slight presence, 2=representative and 3=very representative, with regard to the following events: formation of osteoid structure, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, fibrin deposition, neovascularization, foreign-body granuloma and fibrosis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in these events at each evaluation times, between the two groups (P>0.05; Mann-Whitney test). Nevertheless, it could be concluded that the natural inorganic bone matrix with rhBMP-2, from the femur of a bull calf, is a biocompatible combination. Conclusions: Under these conditions, the inductive capacity of rhBMP-2 for cell differentiation was inhibited. There was a slight acceleration in tissue healing in the group that received irradiation with low-power laser light.

Peritonitis granulomatosa por el almidón en guantes quirúrgicos / Granulomatous peritonitis due to the starch used in surgical gloves

La peritonitis granulomatosa por almidón de guantes quirúrgicos es una entidad de difícil diagnóstico y escasa incidencia. Los pacientes presentan dolor abdominal, fiebre e íleo funcional prolongado tres a cuatro semanas después de una laparotomía con empleo de guantes lubricados con almidón de maíz. En la exploración quirúrgica se evidencia peritoneo y epiplón con múltiples nódulos pequeños blanquecinos y líquido libre inflamatorio. La anatomía patológica muestra tejido inflamatorio con células gigantes multinucleadas englobando material birrefringente, compatibles con cristales de polvo de guantes. Mediante luz polarizada se evidencia el típico patrón en cruz de malta del almidón de maíz. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 54 años con dolor abdominal, fiebre e íleo funcional inusualmente prolongado. Se realizó histerectomía convencional tres meses antes. Al ingreso se realizó videolaparoscopía exploradora, en la cual se perforó accidentalmente el yeyuno distal lo cual requirió laparotomía para enterorrafia. Un mes después fue relaparotomizada debido a la persistencia de íleo, evidenciándose peritonitis granulomatosa por almidón que confirmó la anatomía patológica. Recibió hidrocortisona endovenosa durante dos semanas y prednisona vía oral durante 4 semanas con disminución gradual hasta su suspensión. La paciente permanece asintomática a siete meses del postoperatorio. El tratamiento con corticoesteroides es una opción eficaz. La prevención es clave y radica en el uso de guantes quirúrgicos libres de almidón.

Granulomatous peritonitis due to surgical glove starch is an entity of difficult diagnosis and low incidence. Patients present with abdominal pain, fever and prolonged functional ileus three to four weeks postoperatory of a laparotomy where corn starch as glove's lubricant had been used. In surgical re-exploration both the peritoneum and omentum are widely affected with multiple small white nodules together with peritoneal fluid. Histopathology shows inflammatory tissue with giant multinucleated cells containing bi-refringent cornstarch particles inside. Under polarized light the typical maltese cross appearance of cornstarch is revealed. We present a 54 year old woman admitted with abdominal pain, fever and an unusually prolonged ileus in postoperatory period after a laparotomy. Conventional hysterectomy was performed three months before. At admission, exploratory videolaparocopy was done, in which accidentally distal jejunum was perforated which required laparotomy for enterorraphy. One month after she was re-laparotomized due to persistence of ileus. Granulomatous peritonitis was evidenciated and confirmed by histopathology. Endovenous hydrocortisone was given during two weeks and shifted to oral prednisone during four weeks with gradual diminution until suppression. Patient is asymptomatic at seven months of postoperatory. Corticosteroid treatment is an efficient choice. The prevention is crucial and is based on the employment of starch free surgical gloves.

Self inflicted, bilateral oleogranuloma of the breast: report of a bizarre case.

A 30-year-old male was admitted with bilateral painful breast enlargement of 6 months duration. There was a past history of surgery for similar bilateral swellings, which was then diagnosed as fibrocystic disease. On examination both breasts were firm to hard, tender & adherent to deeper structures. A single axillary lymph node was palpable on each side. The clinical diagnosis was sarcoma of the breast. After initial denial, the patient confessed to having injected gear oil into both the breasts,for the purpose of augmentation. He was a homosexual.

Sea urchin granuloma / Granulomas por ouriços-do-mar

Injuries caused by venomous and poisonous aquatic animals may provoke important morbidity in humans. The phylum Echinoderma include more than 6000 species of starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers some of which have been found responsible for injuries to humans. Initial injuries by sea urchins are associated with trauma and envenomation, but later effects can be observed. Sea urchin granuloma is a chronic granulomatous skin disease caused by frequent and successive penetration of sea urchin spines which have not been removed from wounds. The authors report a typical case of sea urchin granuloma in a fisherman and its therapeutic implications.

Os acidentes por animais aquáticos traumatizantes e venenosos podem provocar morbidez importante em humanos. Equinodermos marinhos incluem mais de 6000 espécies de estrelas-do-mar, ouriços-do-mar, "bolachas-de-praia" e pepinos-do-mar. Vários equinodermos têm sido responsabilizados por acidentes em humanos. Granulomas por ouriço-do-mar são lesões de caráter granulomatoso, crônicas, causada por acidentes com espículas de ouriço-do-mar. Os autores relatam um caso típico de granulomas por ouriço-do-mar ocorrido em um pescador e enfatizam as implicações terapêuticas aplicadas.

Granulomatous keratitis following corneal tattooing.

We report a patient who developed granulomatous keratitis following corneal tattooing.

Manifestaciones y secuelas cutáneas de la drogadicción / Cutaneous manifestations and sequelae in drug addicts

Las lesiones dermatológicas producidas por la administración de drogas ilícitas y sus eventuales secuelas, tienen implicancias médico-legales y sumo valor para el diagnóstico retrospectivo de adicción. Estas lesiones son de origen multifactorial: combinan la reacción del huésped ante agentes químicos sensibilizantes e irritantes, traumatismos reiterados por técnicas de aplicación incorrectas e infección sobreagregada. Clínicamente, se observan como hiperpigmentaciones sobre trayectos vasculares indurados, cicatrices atróficas en áreas de inyección subcutánea, abscesos sépticos y granulomas por cuerpo extraño, en su mayoría provocados por excipientes y adulterantes, como lesiones más características. Se presentan casos clínicos y se hace revisión de estos procesos, enfatizando la situación particular en Argentina en relación a la bibliografía consultada, proveniente de países del Primer Mundo. Asimismo, se ilustra brevemente el léxico tan particular de los adictos, cuyos rudimentos se vuelven imposibles de obviar cuando se avanza en el estudio de estos pacientes

Foreign Body Granulomas of the Breast Presenting as Bilateral Spiculated Masses

In Asia, mammography following the injection of foreign materials into the breasts for cosmetic augmentation is frequently seen and diagnosis based on the typical radiologic findings is straightforward. We report the unusual radiologic findings in two patients with foreign body granulomas caused by injected foreign materials and discovered incidentally during screening work up. The mammographic findings were bilateral, hyperdense, spiculated masses, with occasional microcalcification, and at sonography, markedly hypoechoic, spiculated solid masses, located near the pectoralis muscle and partly extending into it, were observed. These radiologic findings mimicked malignancy.

Correlaçäo anátomo-clínica: granulomatose sistêmica por talco em drogadicto HIV negativo / Systemic talc granulomatosis in a HIV-negative intravenous drug addict

É descrita a correlação anatomopatológica de um paciente usuário de drogas injetáveis com talcose sistêmica acometendo pulmões, pleuras, fígado, baço e linfonodos e que desenvolveu hipertensão arterial pulmonar e cor pulmonale. Destaca-se o fato de que apesar do uso crônico de drogas injetáveis e outros comportamentos de alto risco para infecção pelo retrovírus, o paciente era HIV negativo, não apresentava linfocitopenia, nem alterações histopatológicas compatíveis com AIDS à necropsia.

Risco de talco em luvas cirúrgicas / Hazards of talc in surgical gloves

Com o objetivo de alertar todos os profissionais da Area da Saúde sobre os riscos do uso inadequado de talco em luvas cirúrgicas, säo apresentadas as formas de lubrificaçäo das luvas, sua evoluçäo histórica na medicina e as complicaçöes de algumas formulaçöes de talco. A síndrome da peritonite granulomatosa, complicaçäo freqüente, foi descrita, assim como as medidas necessárias que devem ser adotadas para preveni-las. Concluiu-se que esses conhecimentos poderäo diminuir a freqüência de complicaçöes advindas do mau uso de talco e contribuir para o diagnóstico das mesmas, evitando reintervençöes cirúrgicas desnecessárias.